Viper Fish :: essays research papers fc

The viperfish is one of the fiercest predators of the deep. It’s scientific name is Chauliodus sloani. The viperfish’s name comes from its fang resemblance to the Viper Snake. The viperfish, which typically grows to at least a foot long, has a very large mouth, which opens very widely but is not big enough to contain the fish's long teeth. The viperfish is also bioluminescent, with photophores light-emitting organs on its dorsal fin and along its body to lure its prey to it. The fish has been observed hovering in place in the water with its dorsal fin curved around so that its photophore is waving near its mouth, as a means of drawing prey. Because the viperfish's body is dark blue or black in color, it is thought that other fish can see no part of it other than its lights. The viperfish uses swimming for locomotion. It has been known to impale its victims on its teeth by swimming toward them, while using its first vertebra as a shock absorber. The viperfish’s diet consists of shrimp, squid, and little fishes. The viperfish is found at depths of 500-2500 meters during the day in the part of the ocean sometimes called the "twilight zone," because very little light penetrates to that depth. When it goes in search of the crustaceans and small fish that are its main sources of food at night; it rises as close as to the surface as 80 meters where food is more plentiful. The Viperfish occurs in tropical and temperate marine waters world-wide. In Australia, specimens have been collected from south-western Western Australia, around the north of the country and south to Tasmania. An adaptation that the viperfish has made is the dorsal fin has photophores that are believed to attract prey. Little is known of the reproduction of this species, but it is believed to spawn externally. This means that the males and females release sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs. Chauliodus sloani inhabit depths that make them very difficult to study. Viper Fish :: essays research papers fc The viperfish is one of the fiercest predators of the deep. It’s scientific name is Chauliodus sloani. The viperfish’s name comes from its fang resemblance to the Viper Snake. The viperfish, which typically grows to at least a foot long, has a very large mouth, which opens very widely but is not big enough to contain the fish's long teeth. The viperfish is also bioluminescent, with photophores light-emitting organs on its dorsal fin and along its body to lure its prey to it. The fish has been observed hovering in place in the water with its dorsal fin curved around so that its photophore is waving near its mouth, as a means of drawing prey. Because the viperfish's body is dark blue or black in color, it is thought that other fish can see no part of it other than its lights. The viperfish uses swimming for locomotion. It has been known to impale its victims on its teeth by swimming toward them, while using its first vertebra as a shock absorber. The viperfish’s diet consists of shrimp, squid, and little fishes. The viperfish is found at depths of 500-2500 meters during the day in the part of the ocean sometimes called the "twilight zone," because very little light penetrates to that depth. When it goes in search of the crustaceans and small fish that are its main sources of food at night; it rises as close as to the surface as 80 meters where food is more plentiful. The Viperfish occurs in tropical and temperate marine waters world-wide. In Australia, specimens have been collected from south-western Western Australia, around the north of the country and south to Tasmania. An adaptation that the viperfish has made is the dorsal fin has photophores that are believed to attract prey. Little is known of the reproduction of this species, but it is believed to spawn externally. This means that the males and females release sperm and eggs into the water where fertilization occurs. Chauliodus sloani inhabit depths that make them very difficult to study.

Mustika Ratu Case Summary

Mustier Rat's Marketing Strategy Throughout the sass, the company expanded its line traditional cosmetics (facial care & decorative makeup, hair and body care product) and the established itself as the uncontested market leader – by 1998, four out of very 10 cosmetic products sold in Indonesia were Mustier Rata brands. Positioned as competitively priced, quality products formulated specifically for Indonesian skin. Company literature reinforced that its products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian beliefs of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs.Mustier Rat's Jambs appealed to several market segments. Segment : Men, women, adults, and teenagers. Target : Predominantly middle- to upper-middle-income cue insurers. Positioning : Products were natural and integrated timeless Indonesian levels of the health and beauty properties of local plants and herbs. Condition of competition in the jam segment was becoming fierce in the next following years. Ma ny roadside stalls selling jambs to cure headaches, boost sexual drive or to reduce weight were common. These jambs were targeted at the middle- to lower-income market segment.So, Mustier Rata also competed in these market segments with their flank brand â€Å"Garage Jambs†. According to the company's 1 997 annual report, this line â€Å"contributed to overall profitability and had great potential for future growth. † Exhibit low are Mustier Rat's product differentiation based on market segment. Each segment has each marketing strategy that suitable to applied to their market. Based on reading text, Mustier Rat's core value that become major quality of Mustier Rat's product was high quality of their natural ingredients.It become a competitive factor for Mustier Rata differentiation to another brands. This competitive factor that Mustier Rata tried to sell from their marketing campaign. This became a major focus in the company's marketing communications. An average of o ver 25 percent of annual net sales was spent n marketing campaigns which promoted value-priced, natural alternatives to imported cosmetics. Another key promotion activity that increased the company's profile was sponsorship of several major beauty events, including the Miss Indonesia pageant.B. R. A. Immorality's high profile as an owner of Mustier Rata, who granted meritorious achievement in the promotion of Indonesian culture and traditions and the Asian Institute's Marketing Management Award (in 1992 and 1 995) also increased Mustier Rat's profile in domestic area. Mustier Rat's Distribution Strategy Over the years, Mustier Rata had developed its own well-established and highly organized distribution system, controlled through a recently installed information technology (IT) control system.The application of improved IT control systems ensured a higher level of service and more efficient delivery schedules as well as more accurate and timely consumer information. IT system was al so installed due to the the challenges posed by Indonesian geography, which is Indonesian area is so vast. Another significant challenge in distribution in Indonesia was the highly fragmented nature of the retail industry – thousands of small outlets and roadside stalls accounted for a significant percentage of Indonesian retail activity.Mustier Rata used all of kind distribution channel to market their extensive product lines. Mustier Rata Brand's Distribution Channel ‘ Lower- and middle- income brand : ubiquitous stalls, wet markets, conventional retail shop, supermarket, direct sales channel Upper- income brand : Department stores, company-owned stores, direct sales force Since 1 992, Mustier Rata had concentrated on intensifying their department store distribution channel.Another key strategy was to increase of distribution channels previously managed by third parties in their most densely populated and lucrative markets. The establishment of Mustier Rata-owned and operated distribution systems resulted in an average of two and one-half percent increase in Mustier Rat's operating margins. Delivery time was also shortened, and quality of service provided to retail outlets was enhanced. Company also changed its accounts receivable policy, shortening the due period from 90 days to 30 days.Namely it addressed lead times and resulted to smaller order lots. According to Essayist on the reading text, the company's distributors were his â€Å"eyes and ears† monitoring customer opinion and relaying vital market information to the corporate marketing department. Mustier Rat's International Market In international markets, Mustier Rata used a combination of in-house owned operated distribution channels, as well as contracted distributors.Malaysia The company's most significant international market, accounting for 70% of international revenue. 1 995, Mustier Rata established several â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† treatment centers, which resul ted in doubling sales. Target Market : Indigenous Malay (properly target), Chinese (lasted catered), Middle market products. Philippines : Demographics in Philippines market were relatively similar with domestic product lines. Target Market : Health and beauty products for teenage girls was one of the least crowded market segments.Next step in penetrating the Filipino market was to capitalize on the established third-party distribution channels used for the body splash and to introduce other product within the Putter line as well as Mustier Rat's slimming Tea. The Middle East : Mustier Rata had opened 14 â€Å"House of Mustier Rata† outlets in United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Target Market : Brand with in developing natural products that adhered to the Muslim ‘Hall' standards -? products made with no animal fat and that had never been tested on animals.Other Countries : The another countries was : Hong Kong and Holland (Mail order distribution channel) Sou th Africa, Canada, Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam Taiwan, and Thailand (Investigating Market) Successfully Navigating Through A Chaotic External Environment Mustier Rata had averted the misfortune in 1 998 that had befallen many of heir competitors through cautious investment of the proceeds of their PIP (much of which had not been used as originally planned), mostly in short term deposits at foreign-owned banks.

The Chosen †A Story Of Suffering

The Chosen – A Story Of Suffering Free Online Research Papers In the book, The Chosen, written by Chaim Potok, the theme of suffering is of great significance. This theme is illustrated throughout the book, with a variety of different events that take place. The theme of suffering is most well explained in the story, when a little blind boy named Billy has an unsuccessful eye surgery, when Danny’s father raises Danny in silence, when hundreds of Jews die in Europe, and when Reuvan’s dad has a heart attack. These four events, although some are more obvious than the others, illustrate suffering in a way, to which almost anyone can relate. Suffering is everywhere and therefore, the theme of suffering in The Chosen, is something worth understanding and interpreting. Danny’s father raising Danny in silence was on of the biggest issues in the book where the theme of suffering showed up. Danny was a Hasid, who at first, was hated by Reuvan, but then later became friends with him. As Reuvan got to know Danny more, he learned that Danny’s father raised him in silence. Reuvan thought that â€Å" Danny’s father, with his bizarre silencewhich Reuvan still couldn’t understand, no matter how often he thought about was torturing Danny’s soul† (Potok 263). Danny didn’t like the silence at all, even though he still loved his father. It was making him suffer because he wanted to be a psychologist, and break the tradition his father treasured greatly, of becoming a rabbi. There was no way for Danny to communicate to his father because of the awkward silence, which lay between them. He had to suffer by keeping all his wishes to himself, afraid of hurting his father. The anxiety and the fear, which Danny felt wh en he chose his own ways and followed his own will, was a great deal of suffering. He knew that he would have to tell his father someday that he wanted to be a psychologist instead of a rabbi, and this tortured him. Him refusing to be the next rabbi wouldn’t only hurt him, but also all the Hasid people who were looking up to him and his family. Danny would have to disappoint them all, and this was very hard for him. On top of his father’s bizarre silence, the fact that one day he would have to break his father’s heart made him worry and suffer even more. At the end of the book when Danny’s father, filled with pain and disappointment, finally agreed to let Danny do whatever he wants, Reuvan observed Danny, who was sitting next to his father. He saw that â€Å"Danny sat with his right hand over his eyes, his glasses pushed up on his forehead. Danny was crying silently, his shoulders quivering† (Potok 331). Danny had to let out all the pain he was car rying around all these years. He felt sorry when he realized that he just destroyed all his father’s work, of bringing him up in silence, to make him a good rabbi. He realized that his father wanted him to know how it felt to suffer and that was why he brought him up in silence. His father wanted to make out of him, a rabbi, who could take all his peoples’ suffering and carry it on his own shoulders. The silence Danny was raised in seemed cruel and painful, but after all, that was the whole point. The whole point in raising Danny in silence was for him to understand and get used to feeling pain, and look for answers in his own soul. Feeling pain, and suffering was also illustrated in this story through the unsuccessful eye surgery of a young boy. This little boy, Billy, was someone Reuvan had met when he went to the hospital because of an eye accident. Billy had the bed on the right side of Reuvan in the hospital, and that was how Reuvan got to know him. The little boy was blind in both eyes and was waiting for a surgery, which was supposed to give him his eyesight back. Weeks later after Reuvan left the hospital, he suddenly thought about Billy and remembered that his eye surgery had already taken place, and so he called Billy’s father. Billy’s eye surgery was not successful. This gave Reuvan a huge shock. While he was on the phone still, hearing the bad news, â€Å"He felt himself break out into a cold sweat. The hand holding the phone began to tremble and he had to push the phone against his face to keep it steady† (Potok 205) After experiencing how it felt to have no sight for a while in one eye, Reuvan felt the pain which Billy was probably going through right now. When Reuvan had surgery on one eye, he wasn’t supposed to read or do any of those things which he so enjoyed doing. After he heard about Billy’s eyes he realized how much Billy suffered. Reuvan suffered a great deal when he couldn’t read for a few weeks, but Billy had never had the chance to read .Billy had never even seen the world, or his own parents. Billy had always suffered. This is when Reuvan realized how lucky he was that his eye got better. Reuvan shared in Billy’s pain because he knew how it felt like to be blind, although not completely blind. Billy’s unsuccessful eye surgery helped open Reuvan’s eyes and he saw from Billy’s perspective, how it was like to suffer. When some Jewish people suffered, other Jews took part in their suffering as well. The Chosen took place in the time of war in Europe when so many Jews got killed. Millions of Jews were killed in the War and the rabbis and Jews in America were sharing in their suffering. Danny says this when Reuvan asks him why his dad just randomly cries every now and then, â€Å" ‘ Six million Jews have died†¦I think he’s thinking of them. He’s suffering for them’† ( Potok 237). Reb Saunders suffers for the Jews by crying for them. After all, it was his job. Because he was a Hasidic rabbi, his job was to carry his peoples’ burden. Six million Jews died, and so many were being persecuted. They were being thrown into concentration camps, and forced to work. The suffering in Europe at this time was just unbearable. Families were torn apart, and people were killed in gas chambers, and put into furnaces. This suffering of the Jewish people was a reason why Reb Saunders wanted Danny to be a Rabbi so bad. Danny could carry all the suffering if he was the rabbi. All the Jewish people were dying out, and now it was the responsibility of the Jews in America to â€Å"†¦replace the treasures they have lost† (Potok 228). They now needed more rabbis and leaders to lead the Jews in replacing what they lost. If the Jews in America didn’t do anything about it, then the Jews would die as a people, and this was a really big reason why it was so important for Danny to become a rabbi. The Jewish people were all dying off, and someone had to do something. This was suffering both for the Jews who were actually in Europe and for the Jews who now had the responsibility to replace all the Jews they lost and keep Jewish tradition alive. This Jewish suffering was a very big issue in The Chosen , that really underlined the theme of suffering in the overall book. Reuvans father having heart attacks underlined the theme of suffering as well. His dad â€Å"†¦collapsed at a Jewish National Fund meeting and was rushed to the Brooklyn Memorial Hospital by ambulance. He hovered tenuously between life and death for three days†( Potok 287). Earlier in the story, Reuvan’s father had a heart attack, and during the time he was in the hospital, Reuvan stayed at Danny’s, but this time, he and Danny weren’t even aloud to talk to each other because of Reb Saunders. This was a time of suffering for Reuvan because his dad just had his second heart attack and was in a critical situation for three days. He was alone at home for weeks before his dad got better, and he studied Talmud and did his work all by himself, without his dad. I lived in a nightmare of hallucinatory dread, and if it hadn’t been for Manya constantly reminding me with gentle kindness that I had to eat or I would get sick, I might well have starved. Now, that’s how bad his situation was. Reuvan was lonely and he was hallucinating, and what could be worse? His dad got better though, but still, he went through a lot with not being able to talk to Danny about it, and staying home all alone all the time. His father’s heart attack was really hard on Reuvan, and he suffered and worked hard on the Talmud without his dad being there to help. The Chosen was a book which teaches people to love each other and share in each others suffering. The book also gives a good insight into the Hasidic traditions and culture. From reading this book, one can understand how strict and how traditional the Hassid were. They still wore dark clothes and had ear locks, and the son of a rabbi traditionally had to be the next rabbi. Most importantly, it showed how silence can be very painful, and how people are not thankful for what they have until they lose it. It showed how people suffered for each other. Now days not very many people are willing to carry the burdens of others, even if it is the burden of one’s friend. The Chosen hopefully inspires people to help others. The theme of suffering was of great significance in this book, and from reading it, a lot of good thingy can be gained. Research Papers on The Chosen - A Story Of SufferingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind TravelQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings