Monetary Policy Essays - Public Finance, Monetary Economics

Monetary Policy U.S. monetary policy affects all kinds of economic and financial decisions people make in this country?whether to get a loan to buy a new house or car or to start up a company, whether to expand a business by investing in a new plant or equipment, and whether to put savings in a bank, in bonds, or in the stock market, for example. Furthermore, because the U.S. is the largest economy in the world, its monetary policy also has significant economic and financial effects on other countries. The object of monetary policy is to influence the performance of the economy as reflected in such factors as inflation, economic output, and employment. It works by affecting demand across the economy?that is, people's and firms' willingness to spend on goods and services. While most people are familiar with the fiscal policy tools that affect demand?such as taxes and government spending?many are less familiar with monetary policy and its tools. Monetary policy is conducted by the Federal Reserve System, the nation's central bank, and it influences demand mainly by raising and lowering short-term interest rates.

Simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum Essays

Simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum Essays Simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum Paper Simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum Paper Essay Topic: Simple To work out the value of acceleration due to gravity (g), by using the principle of kinematics of simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum.  Introduction-  The theory involved here is the motion of the simple pendulum under the influence of acceleration due to gravity. The research question here says that the value of acceleration due to gravity is an unknown variable and this has to be calculated out using the equation that relates the time period of one oscillation of a simple pendulum (made up of a string with negligible mass and a mass bob having a certain predetermined and set mass) and the length of its string and acceleration due to gravity by the following relation: This investigation is particularly useful in the real world as it gives us a value of the variable acceleration due to gravity, which influences all spheres of mechanics. The equation is also useful as I help determine the value of time that the pendulum will take in one oscillation, thus having applications in instruments such as clocks etc.  Hypothesis-  According to my prior understanding and visualizations the investigations undertaken will yield the required results effectively and with efficiency. The length of the pendulum would include the length of the string as well as the diameter of the mass bob and the length of the hook as well. When the pendulum suspended from a stand is set into oscillation the time periods T of the oscillations of different lengths l will help us in determining the value of g. As the length of the string is increased, the time period of the oscillations will also increase but the value of g will not as it is constant for a place always. The accepted value for g (in Paris) is 981Nkg-1 according to .We should get a value of g of the range of the value above stated. The master equation also as stated earlier will be modified in order to calculate out the value of g. The basic theory behind the experiment is that the value of the time period taken by the pendulum in one oscillation is influenced by the length of the string which is supporting the pendulum and the value of acceleration due to gravity. By modifying the equation stated above as follows, the value of g can be found out using a simple equation. The variables in the experiment are g which is acceleration due to gravity which is our measured variable; T is time period which is the dependent variable which we be observing; l is length of the entire pendulum out of which we will be controlling only the length of the string as the length of the hook and the mass bob will be the same; finally ? is the constant variable. 1. Tie the string to the mass bob of unknown weight and suspend it from the table stand as shown in the diagram. Make sure that the two small blocks of wood are in such a position that they clamp the pendulum and they are in turn clamped by the clamp of the stand.  2. In order to get proper value that will be finally calculated out I have decided to take 5 readings of the oscillations of the pendulum using four different lengths of the pendulum (20cm to 90cm) so as to remove most possibilities of random errors. 3. To begin with the length of the string of the first reading is determined so that the length of the mass bob may also be incorporated in it so as to get a convenient length of the pendulum.  4. When the apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram described earlier, the pendulum is taken and set to a particular angle not more than 15 degrees from its mean position.  5. the pendulum is then left and it sets into motion. The time period for 10 oscillations is seen and recorded with a stopwatch. 6. To obtain the mean value of one oscillation of the pendulum of length 30cm, the total time taken for all oscillations is divided by 10 which is the number of oscillations which the pendulum is allowed to swing for.  7. This procedure must be repeated four more times and then after the data has been collected for all five times, the average value of these will be taken as the final reading of the time period of the simple pendulum of length 20cm.  8. Repeat the entire process of experimentation with all the different lengths of the pendulums and tabulate the data.  9. After tabulation of data, it must be processed to obtain the appropriate results. The data collection and processing aspect is seen later in this report. Collection of Data   On taking readings with vernier calipers, the diameter of the mass bob was found out to be 2.55cm. The vernier calipers showed a positive zero error of 0.09cm. Thus the diameter was found out to be 2.55 0.09 = 2.46cm. The radius of the mass bob is thus 1.23cm. The length of the hook again measured with vernier calipers was found to be 1.25cm, which after adding for the zero error will be 1.25 0.09 = 1.16cm. Thus the length of the entire system of the mass bob and the hook is 2.39cm.

How to Earn an Online High School Diploma as an Adult

How to Earn an Online High School Diploma as an Adult Adults who didnt graduate high school realize that getting a high school diploma can improve their employment prospects and make them eligible for workplace promotions. But most don’t have the leisure of spending seven hours a day on a school campus. Online high school diploma programs offer adults the chance to schedule school work at their convenience and complete courses at their own pace. Why Degrees Are Important Before enrolling in an adult online high school diploma program, think about your needs. Completing a high school diploma can give bring personal satisfaction and can make you more competitive for some jobs. You may need a high school diploma to join the military or be hired at some entry-level jobs. And there are other options for adult education. If you have the skills and are willing to spend a couple of years in class, you may be able to go straight to a community college and complete an associate’s degree. This may be the best choice for advanced students who plan on attending college anyway. Alternatively, you may decide to take an exam and earn a GED. This choice appeals to students who have several years of remaining high school credits and would prefer a quick fix. Make sure to weigh all your options before you make a choice. Online School With Adult Programs If you decide that earning an online diploma is the best choice, the next step is to choose an online high school program. Make sure the school you select is accredited by the proper organization. Schools that are regionally accredited are the most widely accepted by employers and colleges. Many employers and colleges also accept credits from schools accredited by the Distance Education Training Council. However, a diploma from these schools will not be as commonly accepted. Make a list of questions to ask each online high school you consider. Find out: Whether the high school has an accelerated program for adults.Whether it provides support for students who need help.How much work you will need to complete. Tuition and Financial Aid If you are in your late teens or early 20s, you may qualify to finish your education at an online charter high school for free (depending on your state law.) Otherwise, you will need to pay for your classes. Ask the online high school you select whether there are any tuition assistance or financial aid programs. Many online high schools offer adult students a tuition payment program that allows payments to be spread out over a semester instead of a lump sum due at the beginning of classes. If tuition is still too steep, you may be able to qualify for an educational loan. Talk to your school and your bank. Complete the Required Courses Finishing your online high school courses may take several years or just a few weeks. As an adult, it can be difficult to manage school responsibilities in addition to a busy life. But know that your sacrifices will be worth it. Once you’ve earned your online high school diploma, take the time to celebrate. Hang your new diploma on the wall. You now qualify for a greater number of jobs and are eligible for more workplace promotions. Plus, you have the personal satisfaction of knowing you completed a worthwhile goal.

20th Centry Music history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

20th Centry Music history - Essay Example g seems concluded at the end of the piece (which is not to say it is in any way bad.) During much of his life Glass has collaborated with other artists: some of them actors and playwrights, some of them movie directors, and others comedians or painters. Certainly this cross-pollination has effected and improved his music immeasurably. Many people consider his masterpiece to be an opera called Einstein on the Beach, which is about five hours long and without an intermission. In this very interesting piece, the music is like a repeating cycle that does not resolve the existential anxiety at the centre. It is both an exhilarating and saddening piece of music. But Philip Glass is most famous for introducing art music to the general public and expanding the range and modes in which it can be communicated to people. This can especially be seen in his collaboration with the director Godfrey Reggio in the movie Koyaanisqatsi, a Hopi word meaning â€Å"life out of balance.† The purpose behind the film is to show how the world of human beings and their machines is very different than the natural world and may even be a blight on the natural world. In this magical film, the contemporary world’s technologies and mechanisms are filmed at various speeds and set to a strange and repetitive music that seems in some way to inspire and provide a counterpoint to the endless motion. The camera takes a wide-angle so as to capture as much life as possible. Some scenes show rockets taking off, others depict factory workers, others show huge parking lots full of cars, still other endless sunrises and sunsets. The effect, when combined with Glas s’s music is overwhelming, but somehow neither euphoric nor depressive. As the New Yorker critic Alex Ross wrote in 2005: Composers usually enter the filmmaking process late in the game. They’re given a few weeks to add music to the mix, often under strict instructions as to mood and style; they’re essentially applying a finishing coat of

Fire Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fire Protection - Essay Example Even if is not the primary extinguishing agent, it may be found combined with other agents such as foam or may be used extensively for cooling containers in liquid petroleum gas (LPG) fires. It is essential that every fire fighter understand the behaviour of water in difference circumstances. Most of the motions that we find on earth involve friction. Friction is a force which occurs when two surfaces rub against one another. If you roll a ball slowly across the floor, the ball's speed decreases and eventually it stops. It stops because the friction between the ball and the floor pushes against the ball and reduces its motion. When you rub your hands together, you feel the resistance due to friction. By rubbing your hands together, you are doing work. The result of this work is the heat produced. Water when pure is colourless, odourless, and liquid with a molecular composition to two atoms of hydrogen combined with one atom of oxygen. A liter of water has a mass of 1 kilogram (1 kg), corresponding to a downward force of 9.81 newtons (N). A cubic meter of water exerts a downward force of 9810 N, or 9.81 kilonewtons (kN). This is more commonly reckoned as 10 kN. The mass of water varies with the degree of purity. Ordinary sea water 'weighs' approximately 10.0 newtons per liter (N/litres). Pure water has a freezing point of 0... It is virtually incompressible, and an increase of 1 bar only causes a decrease in volume of 0.000 002 per cent. As a fluid, water has volume but is incapable of resisting change of shape, i.e. when poured into a container it will adjust itself irrespective of the shaper of the latter, and will come to rest with a level surface. This is because there is very little friction or cohesion between the individual molecules of which water is composed. 2. PrincipalCharacteristicsofPressure There are six basic rules governing the principal characteristics of pressure in liquids. These are: a. Pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts If a vessel having flat sides contains water, and that water has attained a position of rest, then the pressure on all sides of the vessel due to the weight is perpendicular to those sides, as shown by the direction of the arrows. b. Pressure at any point of a fluid at rest is of the same intensity in all directions In a line of piping or hose, two pressure gauges are inserted. If the water is at rest because a valve or hand-controlled branch has been shut down, the pressure gauges will register identical readings showing that the pressure at any point of a fluid at rest is the same in all directions. c. Pressure applied from outside to a fluid contained in a vessel is transmitted in al directions A hollow sphere with pressure gauges around the circumference has been filled with water, and pressure is applied. All the gauges will show the same pressure reading, providing that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a confined space, that pressure is transmitted equally in all directions. d. Downward pressure of a fluid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth If there are three

Slavery: A Building Block in the Foundation of Americas History Essay

Slavery was present preceding the European discovery of the Americas. It was limited to the conquered people of the indigenous nations and it was not widespread. This situation changed with the arrival of Europeans, as they possessed modern weapons with which they were able to overtake the most formidable segments of native tribes. Sickness introduced to the indigenous tribes by the Europeans reduced the enslaved population to the point that new workers were needed. A slave trade was brought into existence by this need. Slaves were still gathered from indigenous tribes, but they were supplemented with African slaves brought by ship. These events helped to forge the Americas into the prosperous cultures they eventually became. Slavery influenced culture during the revolutionary period with the beginnings of racism, this culture change initiated lawmaking concerning race, which started with the first emancipation around 1780. How these two topics were molded until the 1850's, and have remained present in the modern era of our lives will be proven in the following essay. The word racism is a term used to describe the believed differences between people of different colors, because of traits, morals, or intellectual prowess. These perceived differences cause a racist person to treat a person of color in ways that would be unaccepted by most people in their own race. [1] This practice, racism, was initiated in the 17th century to promote or justify the use of slaves in what was to become the United States. Racism is justified by many means including the bible, science, and hypothetical theories. A widespread religious following in the Americas became the basis for acceptance of racism using the bible for justification. It ran into... ...hudacoff, Fredrik Logevall, Beth Bailey, and Debra Michals. A People & A Nation: A history of The United States and A More Perfect Union. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2010. [3]. Goldenberg, Amy Production Editor. RACE Are We So Different?. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association , 2010. http://www.understandingrace.org/history/gov/expan_slavery.html. (accessed March 20, 2012). [4]. Valbrun, Marjorie. "Rewriting the Script Won’t Change the Facts in the Trayvon Martin Case." Slate.com. April 2, 2012. Accessed April 12, 2012. http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2012/04/02/trayvon_martin_zimmerman_s_black_friend_and_hispanic_defenses_won_t_work_.html. [5]. Olafson, Steve. "Tulsa Shootings Evoke City's past Racial Violence." Reuters News Service. Accessed April 10, 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/11/us-usa-crime-tulsa-idUSBRE83A02J20120411.

Corporate Culture: Help or Hindrance Essay

â€Å"The only thing of real importance that leaders do is to create and manage culture. If you do not manage culture, it manages you, and you may not even be aware of the extent to which this is happening.† Edgar Schein, professor MIT Sloan School of Management Nowadays, in the end of 2011, we can make a clear overview of the remarkable events that took place not a long time ago. And though some people might argue that the hardest economic crisis since 1929 still hasn`t finished, and is going to be continued, we are able to make certain conclusions and ask a couple of thrilling questions: â€Å"Why, when all other companies experienced dramatic collapse, some of them even managed not to reduce, but to increase their sales and market share?† Or â€Å"Why a company that has been operating for 200 years already is pushed out of its market by some barely known firm?† What makes these events possible? Magic? Well, you definitely will not believe it if you are older than 8 years old. Some highest creatures? Well, it is quite unlikely too. Santa Claus? Who knows, maybe†¦ But science believes that there are more realistic reasons for such events that in general are called invisible strategic assets. One of such assets, supposed b y most of the scientists as the most important one, is called corporate or organization culture [1]. To begin with, let us formulate, what is corporate or organization culture. By Edgar H. Schein organizational culture is defined as â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that have worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems† [2]. As we can see, concept of corporate culture is of great importance for adaptation and general comfort of employees. But in nowadays tough economic conditions, this is definitely not the highest priority for an organization. Much more important is whether corporate culture can be a help for a company, and whether it can save money or make firm more profitable. To answer this complicated question that was a theme for creating of dozens of scientific books and hundreds of pages and years of research we will start with some facts from the history of development of this concept. Due to Naomi Stanford, the concept of organization dates its popular roots from 1980s. Then in 1982 two first books on importance of organization culture were published, and despite the fact, that they were strongly criticised, they attracted attention of business and became setters of new management trends. But at that moment of time these concepts were understood in not quite proper way, managers were trying to implement some cultural principles and waited for some kind of miracle. And though it hasn`t happened, scientists have developed the theory body and researched main aspects [3]. As we see, corporate culture has been existing for 25 years already, but does it actually work? To my personal opinion – yes, it does. It is intangible, you can hardly measure it or state whether it exists or not. You can not definitely say that: â€Å"these sales increased† or â€Å"our company has succeeded in this project because we have such great organization culture†. But all that events actually took place because of it. Because if not, how you can explain what has differentiated extraordinary successful firm that produce relatively same products from the others? For example, quite small studio Pixar that has confronted Disney marketplace has produced 11 hits cartoons out of 11 attempts. Every film of it was nominated for an Academy Award and Pixar has won the awards about three quarters of the time [5]. What these facts tell us about if not a specific, unique organization culture, that is implemented in this organization. Unfortunately, corporate culture is a phenomenon that is very hard to establish and moreover, to control if any aspects of the company`s functioning are to be changed, what creates a wrong impression about its necessity and productivity in general. However, despite all arguments we can confidently assert that corporate culture works and it is of great help for an organization. List of references: 1. Eric Flamholtz, Yvinne Randle – â€Å"Corporate Culture: The Ultimate Strategic Asset†; 2. Edgar H. Schein – â€Å"Organizational Culture and Leadership†; 3. Naomi Stanford – â€Å"Corporate Culture: Getting It Right†. 4. John P. Kotter – â€Å"Corporate Culture and Performance† 5. Kim S. Cameron, Robert E. Quinn – â€Å"Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework†.